Method	What it does	Example	Result
`.strip()`	removes spaces from both ends	`" hi ".strip()`	`"hi"`
`.replace(a, b)`	swaps every `a` for `b`	`"a-b-c".replace("-", "+")`	`"a+b+c"`
`.upper()` / `.lower()`	changes case	`"Hi".upper()`	`"HI"`
`.title()`	capital at the start of each word	`"new york".title()`	`"New York"`
`.capitalize()`	capital at the start only	`"new york".capitalize()`	`"New york"`

.strip() is particularly useful with text people have typed, which often has stray spaces.

messy = "   jane SMITH   "
tidy = messy.strip().title()
print("[" + tidy + "]")

Methods can be chained: messy.strip() gives a string, and .title() is called on that.